Tetsuo: The Iron Man* burst onto the scene like a
drill dick through a wooden table. Or did it? Tetsuo, and it's daddy Shinya Tsukamoto, have certainly been credited with starting the genre. As with all such claims they begin to look more dubious the closer you examine them.**
Micro-Genre distinctions exist. They really do. You're a fucking asshole if you're telling me that Halloween is the same type of film as
Zombi 2. (no offense). The problem is, unless we're talking about classical hollywood works, or exploitation films, there are very few films that follow genre distinctions as nerds like myself would like to impose upon them (power-violence drives me crazy for this reason, I don't even know how it's properly spelt). This being the case, the starting and ending points of Japanese Cyberpunk are very difficult to define.
The Non-Existent Protocols:
The biggest problem is the apparent lack of films distinguished as J. Cyberpunk. If you look at the
wiki for it, you've got 5 that count, and only 3 different directors (one of whom is this
guy... seriously), with a lot of stuff that's pretty close, but not really fitting with the undefined rules of the genre.
There is definitely an established style and feel to the films, but it's one that is hard to pin down without drawing up literal images and allowing the conversation to devolve into "it's like
this and
this, but also
this".
It could partially be described as a very extreme hardcore to independent cinema's punk rock. It revisits older film techniques, such as stop motion, but accelerates them to a point of violence. All narrative structures appear to be done away with (ultimately this is not the case, it's that the plots are so brutally simple, and are executed in such a convoluted manner that causes them to be perceived complicated, ie tetsuo's robot fighting and morphing). All points of control (logic, the body's physical stability, progression, morality, etc.) are removed from these films. Instability is a constant, as is sensorial assault.
Other than that, the body horror/punk of David Cronenberg's work is a general influence for most of the films, as is Lynch's Eraserhead. Very little of the high technology reflected in the American style of cyberpunk is present, in fact one can detect more than a hint of anarcho-primitivism in Tsukamoto's films, for instance.
A not-so Elaborate Explanation of the Fizzling Out of a Genre That Didn't Really Exist:
So what happened to J. Cyberpunk and why haven't you heard of it? Well, once again, similarly to hardcore punk, the pioneers of this genre seem to have moved onto other things fairly quickly (Shinya Tsukamoto***) or just disappeared (Shozin Fukui). Nobody has really paid much attention to it. MTV hired Tsukamoto to do a tetsuo inspired
television spot, but very little else in the way of exposure found it's way into the U.S. One missed opportunity of note was Quentin Taurentino's offer to Produce and American version of Tetsuo (tentatively titled "Flying Tetsuo").
Why should you care? Well, put simply these are some fucking intense films. There really isn't anything like this anywhere but these few flicks.
There have been a few semi J. Cyberpunk films in recent years. Save the
Green Planet contained some imagery stolen directly from Shozin Fukui. Converge's latest
music video looks like they spent a lot of time watching Tetsuo. I put out an album pretty obviously inspired by Japanese Cyberpunk as
Body Hammer (the title of the second Tetsuo film, for those keeping score). Otherwise, the genre's deader than dead. That's probably for the best. The last thing this world needs is a hipster E.J.C. revival.
Check in over the next couple weeks for reviews of various J. Cyberpunk films.
Footnotes:
*translation: Iron Man: The Iron Man (Tetsu is what they call Iron Maiden in Japan?)
** or more pixelated (no more attempts at humor I swear)